It is a kind of small brown or filemot pigmentation on face and is autosomal dominant inheritance, which is serious especially in summer. The development of pathological changes is related to solarization. Freckle occurs mostly to women and emerges in childhood after the age of 6-7 usually. It becomes obvious in youth. Skin lesion due to solarization gets serious in summer but mitigatory in winter. Skin lesion is canary or filemot or brown splash, which is rotundity or elliptical or irregularly shaped. Freckle is concentrated mainly on face, especially from eyes to cheekbones.
What is chloasma?
It has another three names, which are butterfly spot, cloasma hepaticum and soot-black macules in physic. It is common and a frequently encountered disease for women. The incidence of the disease becomes more obviously and seriously for the past few years.
In the beginning, chloasmas are in light color. They may be multiple but gradually syncretize into spot in different sizes and shapes with clear borderline. They intersperse symmetrically on exposure parts, usually on cheekbones, forehead and cheeks. They have no subjective symptom.
Chloasma has three types according to their location: it is called superficial type one if it locates on cuticle, shallow-seated type if deep in cuticle and deep-seated type if in corium. This classification is mainly related to treatment. The deeper the location is, the longer the treatment time is and the more difficult the treatment is.
Aetiological agent is very complicated. It may occur to healthy women from youthhood to climacteric. The incidence rate of chloasma caused by oral contraceptive reaches over 80%. Some chronic diseases, especially female diseases of reproductive system, such as menoxenia, adnexitis, acyesis, ovarian cyst and hysteromyoma, may cause chloasma. In addition, chloasma may be caused by other diseases, such as hepatopathy, chronic alcoholism, thyrotoxicosis, tuberculosis and viscera tumor. Many kinds of medicine may cause chloasma. It also can be induced and deepened by sunshine and hereditary factors, sleep disorder, psychic factor and so on are somewhat related to chlosama.
What is acne?
Acne is a familiar hair follicle thylacitis in youthhood. It is also called acne vulgaris and commonly referred to as whelk (Qingchundou in Chinese). Acne is usually found on face, sometimes looks like papilla, blain and so on. Sebum is often accompanied and overbrims. The pathogeny has not been clear yet but may be formed synthetically by various factors.
Androgen-mediated lipid overflow - androgen and its metabolites, such as dual-oxygen copper and sulfuric acid dehydrogenation Cremaster epidermal-steroidal copper increase, which strengthens the activity of sebaceous gland. Secretion of patients with acne skin is higher than that of normal people.
Funnel of hair follicle keratosis - acne patients’ keratosis of of hair follicle funnel boosts up and its epicyte becomes thick and dense, so it is difficult to drop off. It has not been clear yet why the keratosis of of hair follicle funnel boosts up, but it may be related to free fatty acids in the cortex. In addition, the amount sebum linoleic acid of patients with acne is less than normal, which might be another reason.
Acne propionibacterium increases- acne propionibacterium belongs to anaerobic organism and is a resident bacterium. Why it increases may be related to funnel of hair follicle keratosis, sebum discharge blocking and relative anoxic environment.
Inflammation - acne propionibacterium excrete dissolved lipase, which will decompose the triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acids. Glycerol and free fatty acids further stimulate gland wall keratosis, so the adenovirus mouth is blocked. Experiments prove that carbon atoms containing 8-14 can penetrate hair follicle and goes into corium and then causes more obvious inflammation. In addition, acne propionibacterium can not only produce dissolved lipase but also prolease, hyaluronidase and some chemotactic factor activating complement, which all can bring inflammation of the hair follicle sebaceous gland and papilla, blain, nodules and so on.
Acne caused by cosmetic – (a) improper cosmetics are used, i.e. people with oily skin use oily cosmetics, making the hair follicle mouth metabolism sluggish. Hair follicles are blocked by hard, dense keratose substance, which leads to expand, these keratose substance forms keratose bolt, plugging in the hair follicle mouth. Accordingly, acne arises. (b) Some cosmetics containing substance of particles, such as a great deal of superfine titanium pigment, whose particles are agglutinated with sebum or stroma. It is easy to plug holes of hair follicle and causes acne. And young people indulge in the cosmetic, making light acnes serious.
Moreover, inheritance may be an important factor causing acne, and orally taking medicine containing iodine, bromine, cortex steroid and so on can make acne more seriously.
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